Manu, Mannus, or Human: Which came first?

Here we provide an answer to the question of which came first the Ancient Indian mythological first human and first sacrifier Manu (Vaivasvata) the son of Saṃjñā and Bhāskara (sun-god), or the first of the Germans, son of Tuisto/Twin, Mannus?

Tacitus:

GERMANIA, CHAPTER 2

(The Germans) celebrate in ancient songs-which are their only means of remembrance or recording the past—an earth-born god, Tuisto (or: Tuisco). His son Mannus was the origin of their race and their founder. They assign three sons to Mannus, and from their names they call those close to the ocean Ingaevones; those in the middle, Herminones; and all the rest, Istaevones.

Each of these three groupings thus has a tribal ancestor from whom they take their name: the Ingaevones from Ing, who corresponds to the Old Norse god Yngvi (Freyr); the Herminones from Irmin, the national god of the Saxons according to Widukind of Corvey and others (who may also correspond to ON Jormunr, a by-name of Oöinn); and the Istaevones from *Ist, who is unknown elsewhere.23 This brief account—taken from the ancient songs of the Germans themselves.

Yamnaya burial uncovered when in May 2021 at Surskiy / Novosleksandrivka / Dnipro property developers destroyed the Mound under which he was buried (and sparked my Finding Manuland journey):

Transcript:

Hi, I'm Decoding Trolls. Welcome to Finding Manuland, a What's the Power of Mana podcast. This is episode two. Let's get right to it. We've got a lot of ground to cover and only infinity in which to cover it. So there's three elements to every episode of Finding Manuland.

First, the use of mana, the use to which we can put mana. the practice you can take today in your daily work, in your daily doing your chores, going into shops and interacting with other sentient beings, including your pets and your friends and your lovers and your former lovers.

So mana is an energy which we exchange as a function of being human beings. It's so important that it's imminent in the name we now have for our species. This energy is within us and is communicated to others. And most of us have forgotten about this. However,

I found the artifact of the existence of this energy lodged inside our language, the Indo-European, Germanic, language of English. It's also, I postulate, lodged inside other Indo-European languages and we'll go through some parts of other languages during the Power of Mana podcast and in Finding Manorland.

The second element in every Finding Man In Land podcast is about language. So it's about how this MN sound, which is in mana, how this MN sound and particular meanings, including both the idea of meaning and the meaning of the MN sound imminent in the word meaning.

So if this sounds a bit like gobbledygook, it won't at the end. Just know that MN is in meaning, and without an idea of meaning, it's impossible to disaggregate one signifier from another. And our entire language and meaning systems which language communicates depends on vast interlocking matrices of networks.

of metaphors and metaphor breaks down into two elements and meta means device and far means light So the idea of metaphor is contained within that simple breakdown of the words. And in this we demonstrate how sometimes, not always, breaking down words or signifiers into their elements, then parsing those elements for meanings,

can illuminate the entirety of highly complex concepts like metaphor. So metaphor is a device to see and you see one word, the meaning of one word, through referencing it to another. And before you know it, you have infinity of these relationships and an understanding of a language and the meaning which underpins it.

This MN sound and the meaning which it communicates, I believe, and this is imminent in all of our work in Finding Manuland, is the the fundamental cryptotypic semantic signalling system that underpins all the metaphors and the networks and matrices of metaphors from which all indo

european languages are composed i am only an expert in one indo european language which is English, and that is part of the Germanic family. However, I have found enough evidence in other languages which are part of the Indo-European language family to make this hypothesis credible, at least to me.

Whether or not you take it on board or think it's of use to you, for helping you to remember when you're inside situations in your daily life and you're trying to focus on making this interaction with this person positive, it's up to you to decide if understanding the power of mana and that we are simply

energy exchangers helps you focus, refocus, and step out of that moment to make a purposeful decision, an intention, a mens rea. I mean to communicate positive manner in this moment. So in this moment we're arguing over X or Y. these quotidian matters that stimulate and provoke us into debates and arguments and bad feelings between us. But really,

I can refocus in this moment on communicating positive manner, because what I understand that's really going on is not the subject of this argument. It's not whether or not you did what you said you'd do. And because you didn't do it, this caused me an enormous pain.

No, what matters is we're alive in this moment and right now we're communicating negative manner. And I, like a flick of a switch, can turn this moment into a positive moment by harnessing my understanding that what is going on between us as two human beings is an exchange of energy. And I can make that a positive exchange.

And all of this mental routine that I would like us to teach each other and to have imminent in all our reactions is imminent in all of What's the Power of Mana podcast and all of Finding Manuland. And it's the first element in every episode. But as you will have noticed in the way I described that,

this MN sound is imminent in all of the sentences I used to describe this particular meaning of the Power of Mana podcast and Finding Manuland. And the third element in every Finding Manuland podcast is this idea of journeying. So Finding Manuland captures that in its title.

Finding Manuland is a frame through which we can perceive the reality of every interaction that you have today with humans, with animals, with sentient beings in your lives. It's about language and metaphor. Finding Manuland and what's the power of manna is a device.

So it is a metis, like that word, that element in metaphor, a device for light. Power of manna, the whole podcast is a device. Finding Manuland is an organizing fiction. It's an organizing fiction through which our mental models of our entire human culture over time and at this time can be transformed.

And a great indicator of how transformed your mental models model of humanity in our culture will be is the next time somebody tries to explain to you that a particular word say in English emanates from a particular word in Latin for instance they they you use the word compassion and they give you an

etymology of compassion from the Latin And whether or not you articulate this in the moment, the sign that the Power of Mana and Finding Manuland podcast is influencing your mental model of where we come from will be in your mind, MN, in your mind, you'll be thinking, no,

that's a nice story that this word in English comes from Latin, but in actuality, this word in english and its corollary in latin emanate from a common source from what scholars call proto-indo-european and what i call ancient ukrainian and again this is a purpose imminent in finding manuland because of course Some words, many words,

especially English words from, say, the 17th, 18th, 19th century, do emanate from Latin. But there's a whole set of words in the English language, many of them MN sounds, which actually emanate from a common source. And if in that moment you decide not to explain to this very well-meaning person who's teaching you that, for instance,

the word compassion in English emanates from a word like it, compatio or something in Latin, you may decide, well, actually, they're well-meaning and I'm not a prig. I'm not going to teach everyone compassion. And I want to exchange positive energy with this person.

And by giving them the gift of allowing them to teach me, we are communicating in a positive manner. So that is the main aim of Finding Man in Land, is to help you in the moment. So I am not trying to teach you to teach that person and say, well, actually,

there's the common source in Indo-European languages and all of this malarkey. Maybe, maybe they're open to that. But what I'm talking about is in your own mind, in your own mind, the first sign that your mental model is being changed is when you come across a situation like this and you A, think in your mind, well, oh,

I know that. latin and italic and greek and the celtic and the english languages all come from a common source which was first forged by the yamnaya in south eastern ukraine and so your nice story that this word emanates from latin may be true It may be from the 17th, 18th, 19th century. But on the other hand,

if, for example, we're talking about a word like, it's a very common word in English, day. And day emanates from this idea of dias, which is bright sky, right? in Proto-Indo-European and what I call Ancient Ukrainian. And this word and this meaning is in every Indo-European language.

So it's rare that you will find the same word and meaning transferred into every Indo-European language. Often you will find one word in, say, the Germanic languages and another word in, say, an Indian language. And we will get back to the cliffhanger in a second of Manu and Manus and which came first,

the cliffhanger from the first episode. And. Linguists will use a neat trick to determine if this word is borrowed, if it is a coincidence that it's the same word and meaning in two different Indo-European languages, or if it stems from the common source. And generally speaking, if the word and meaning are

is in one language west of Ukraine, west of ancient Ukraine. So in the Germanic languages and the Celtic languages and the Italic languages, which include the Romance languages like French and Spanish, if it's in Scandinavian or the Baltic languages or the Slavic languages. And if it's in one, so if it's in one of those languages, whose geographical,

historical, traditional, geographical homeland is west of Ukraine, and if it is in one... Indo-European language east of Ukraine, so if it's in Sanskrit or Vedic or Iranian or Armenian, then it is, on the balance of probabilities, not a borrowing, not a coincidence, but it comes from the common source.

In the case of the word day and dias, dias is, according to J.P. Mallory's Oxford University Press introduction to the Proto-Indo-European language, what I call ancient Ukrainian, the only sacred word which is in every language. branch of the Indo-European languages. And so if one instance west of Ukraine and one instance east of Ukraine is a good

enough test to determine whether or not a word and its meaning emanates from this common source, geographically located we now know in southeastern ukraine among the yamnaya who created the first indo-european language who created proto-indo-european and what i call ancient ukrainian then when you find a word like this which is in every

branch of the indo-european family west of ukraine and east of ukraine then you know for certain and we do make calls in the finding manly land we don't just look at evidence and then go well it could be or it couldn't be we make calls as we do in our daily lives in so many different ways

you know that for sure it comes from the common source. In the case of dies, which translates into day, deity, death. So the idea of dying is imminent in the word we use in English for it, that we go into the sky, we go into the bright sky. And this emanates from this really important concept,

which we'll talk about again and again, and I did talk about it in the last one, of dies pater, sky, father. So dies, sky, pater, father. And that translates into zeus pater, So Zeus, the supreme deity in Greek culture, their full name in the mythological record is Zeus Pater. So Zeus Pater and Zeus Zeus, Zeus Zeus.

So you see it's the same Zeus Zeus. And we have Jupiter in an Italic culture, the Roman supreme god Jupiter, Zupeter. And obviously the Greek and the Roman interacted directly. So maybe the Roman just borrowed Jupiter directly. zoo patter zoo patter maybe the romans just borrow that from the greek but then we

see that we've got dear peter dear peter i pronounced it wrong in the first episode in fact i'm still pronouncing it wrong but i hope you get the point it's dear peter in indian culture so we have a deity there dear peter sky father

So there we know not only does the word day come from a common source, and I've written before about how Tuesday, which is the name of our day of the week, is actually God God. So Tiwaz was a Germanic God. And what you're basically saying is Tiwaz and Tiwaz comes from Deus as well. So Deus is

So it's the most godly day, even though it's just Tuesday. And gosh, you've got another three days of work or school to carry on with. But we'll come back again to that idea. But with this MN sound, since this MN sound is imminent. across all the Indo-European languages and inside our language. It's of particular interest.

And so when we are thinking of transforming our mental models of our entire human culture, which is hopefully really why you're going to be interested in finding Manuland, you may not accept everything I say, or you may Google it and go, oh, maybe this or that. And that doesn't matter.

What does matter to me is that I can communicate to you my energy, my manna, my positive manna. Hopefully, I do my best, as we all do, to communicate positive manna, which is why, hopefully, there's a big market for this, I believe. idea of having a reminder lodged in our minds so that when we're in these moments

when our emotions take control and troll us into perhaps making mistakes and communicating bad manner, negative manner, that we'll remember finding Manuland and that will remind us to communicate positive manner in this moment and And we can just switch from being really annoyed at this poor person at the other

end of the phone line or boss or our pet who's nagging us for food and we don't have it or we can't afford to do something and we get annoyed that we just like flick like a switch into positive into positive manner. And so part of the sign of our mental model of humanity and culture is

and human relationships being transformed, is as our idea of the geography of the world expands, which mine has, and the journeying, this third element, this third dimension to finding Manuland, which is learning so much more about the space, the geographical space between Ireland and India,

and all of these places that we vaguely know and that we just have blanks in our mental models obviously now most of us thankfully have access to google maps or apple maps and we can just look up immediately if i mention armenia for instance mn my armenia is

you don't really have that idea of it maybe you think it's just a former Russian place or who knows where it is but in two seconds you can look it up and now that's your mental model has been expanded and suddenly if I tell you Armenian is itself an independent branch in Indo-European languages which is

analogous to the Germanic branch, which has this disproportionately popular language English as a sub-branch of it. Armenian is equivalent to the Italic branch, which again includes Latin, French, Spanish, the Romance, Mance, Amen, Romance languages in it. And Armenian, which today is spoken by about three and a half million people. And Armenia,

at 50 years before the Common Era, was at its most extensive, covering most of today's Turquia, going up almost to the Black Sea, to the Caspian Sea, and down to the Mediterranean Sea. and was this massive entity. And today it's only 3 million people. But perhaps that changes your mental model of where Armenia is,

basically to the right of Turkiye, to the right of Anatolia, which is a very important character in our story in Finding Man in Anatolia. It's so important that actually Anatolia, which is the geographical space that is occupied by Turkiye today, is almost... as important as all the other Indo-European languages put together.

It's only exceeded in its importance by ancient Ukraine from which the Yamnaya who forged the first Indo-European language emanated But Armenia is also very important because many of modern scholars based on ancient genetic, genomic evidence believe that Indo-Anatolian, which is this branch of the Indo-European languages which is equivalent to all the others,

It was forged in what is today Armenia. So just by telling you this little story, hopefully your idea of Armenia has expanded from perhaps you just thinking, oh, it's just part of Russia or it was part of Russia during the Soviet times. Now we see actually it's an extremely ancient story.

culture and has a very important role to play in finding Manuland not least because of the MN sound in the word Armenia and probably about half of the people in Armenia have an MN sound in their names and Menua who was the mythological son of the mythological

founder of Armenia of course is Amen and probably gave their name to the country. So that's just a tiny example of how our mental models of the geographical space but also cultural space and also time. So I'm giving you, in finding Manly Land pegs from which we hide, from which we hang,

a new framework for looking at the past from 4100 before the Common Era, before Christ, up until today. So this is our... main stomping ground this is our forest we are a lion we are lions and we are stalking prey in this forest which is bounded by around 4000 BCE up until

And this is, again, another mental model in image I'm communicating into you. And I'm throwing out at you certain artifacts like the Hittites, the Hittite library from around 1400 BC. bce uh seven what is it 8 000 texts we have from there mostly translated and

examined now so we have a we have a signpost we have a library from 8 000 bce with eight sorry not 8 000 bce 1400 BCE with 8000 texts which are translated, which tell us so much about that moment in the development and the evolution of Indo-European languages and their interaction with other

language families that was not available to scholars even 20 years ago because so much work has been done in the past 20 years on this Hittite library in Bogoskoy which I visited recently and which we'll talk about again so that's 1400 there as a signpost which you didn't have perhaps in your mental model of time you were

thinking maybe as I was the oldest moment in my mental model was maybe a thousand bc when the historical king david and king solomon in the old testament the christian and jewish old testament lived and then before that it's all kind of this blank it's all this fuzz but now we've got this

1400 bc we've got this bright light shining 1400 BC, this library in Bogoskoy, central Anatolia. And so suddenly your mental model has just expanded a tiny, tiny little bit, a little bit of light. Then I tell you, well, actually, we've got 23,000 texts from another moment before that, from the town, the Hittites, origin story,

gave as the place from which they emanated. So in our culture, our origin story, this fuzzy idea we have that somehow in England or in France or in America, our culture emanates from Greek and Roman culture. Well, the Hittites' equivalent origin story was they came from this place called Kultepe,

which I also visited recently and is a very important part of our story. But there we have 23,000 documents from between 1800 and 1900 BCE. So the idea of prehistory, which is generally translated as a time before we had text, the idea of prehistory that was formed maybe a hundred years ago,

and you will still see in all the academic papers, And will be generally considered to be, say, 1000 BC. Prior to that, we don't know. Or in a particular culture where there was no writing the time before the writing. But that itself is a movable feast.

Because if you don't know that we have a library of 23,000 texts, which gives us an amazing insight to human consciousness... Amazing insight into human relationships because many of these texts in Kultepe from between 1800 BCE and 1900 BCE are written by women. So we see them writing about their relationships with their parents, with their husbands.

And with their daily lives, many of them had control over vast resources. And suddenly we have this insight. It's a bright light in an otherwise dark area. So I just use these two examples, 1400 BC, 1800, 1900 BC as pegs, which we're going to plant in our new mental model, which we conceptualize as a forest.

And we are the lions. Wandering around this forest, wandering around this woods, pacing around, which is surrounded by 6,000 years ago, which is 4,000 BCE, until today. And so this is the mental model which finds you Manuland. will be filling up with data,

all of which hopefully will gel with us enough so that in the moment of today's quotidian work and practices, we remember about the power of And so as my mental model of our origins has been transformed, I will communicate to you about the places I've only discovered since, well, really since November 2021,

when I conceptualized finding Manuland first. So that's another time frame. You'll get to know my story. It's another device to tell you about the Finding Man New Land journey. So those are the three elements in each of our podcasts, which we're going to look at.

We're going to be looking at the power of man and its use in our daily lives. We're going to be looking at language in a way that's accessible to all of us because we use these words. We communicate through these meanings which are triggered and signaled by these words and also this physical communication.

journey across space between Ireland and India so we're going to be filling that those gaps in in your mind and my mind as mine have been and the physical journey transforms itself into various metaphorical journeys in particular places through time and through and we'll be introducing lots of different characters so it's not just these

data state stamps 1400 BCE in the Hittites or 1800-1900 BCE in Kultepe where incidentally the first example of Indo-European writing has been discovered in these archives in the form of names, and five of those names have MN sounds in them. So that's an important artifact in evidence that MN was present in the first moment

that Indo-European language was written. And again, this is a point which I've learned and which I'm going to communicate to you is that prehistory today includes all of these times and these places where we have vast amounts of data from which to draw conclusions. So if you're an historian,

and I was trained as a historian at Trinity College Dublin, you focus only on textual sources and you have this exclusive, exclusively attitude to a time and places where there's no written sources. However, in Finding Manuland, we're looking at all different sources, putting them together to draw conclusion, to make calls,

because we all have to make calls every day in this moment. Can I remember to communicate positive manner? So let's go back to the cliffhanger in the previous episode, so the Manu and Manus episode. So Manus is the first German, basically, who we know of from Tacitus, the Roman Tacitus,

who's a writer that wrote down a lot of stuff around 50 years into the Common Era. And basically... And we, well, I'll just read it to you. So Tacitus, Germania, amen, chapter two. The Germans celebrate in ancient songs, which are their only means of remembrance or recording the past. An earth-born god, Twisto, or Twisco, meaning twin,

his son Manus, two Ns, was the origin of their race and their founder. So Manus is the son of Twisto. His son Manus was the origin of their race and their founder. They assigned three sons to Manus, and their names they call those close to the ocean, Ingiabones, those in the middle, Herminones, and all the rest, Istavones.

My name is Stephen, so I feel an affinity to Istavones. These three suns, this idea of having three dimensions to governance is really important in Indo-European communities and in our conception of how a state and the role of a monarch, sovereignty, security and fertility, prosperity, those are the three dimensions. We know of them

Most of us probably have heard about the caste system in India, where you have the monarch, the rulers, the Brahmin, the Brahmin priests. So you have the sovereignty function. You have the priests and monarch function. the monarch looking after the juridical function of the state, like a president, like President Zelensky in Ukraine, who's a lawyer,

many lawyers as leaders in Indo-European states. You have Starmer, the prime minister, MN minister in England at the moment. And then you have the magical aspect of sovereignty, which is basically church and state is one way of looking at that. The magical aspect of sovereignty is most obvious in these Brahmin priests or in our ancient Ireland.

It was in the Druids, the Bards, the Fela. Every monarch would have these people declaiming stories, recording stories and genealogies, and these would be repeated at feasts. And this is a very important element in Finding Manan, because it will pop up again and again, like trolls and Scandinavian folklore. It's a spirit within Manan.

are a story in every place and at every time and so it's interesting that the very foundation of the germanic people and in their myths we have these three sons each of which represents a different function. One, sovereignty. The second, security. So my namesake, Istavones, represents the security element.

And in the Indian caste system, you have the kshatriya, the army, the military. And then the third function is fertility. prosperity which is represented by the one three sons or in India it's the most people are who are the doers who the farmers and each of these three groupings has

a tribal ancestor from which they take their name So Ingeavones takes their name from Ing, who corresponds to the old Norse god called Freyr. And we have Freyr in the days of our week, imminent in Friday is Freyr. And this is a remnant of of the pre-Indo-European pantheon in our Indo-European world.

So Freyr is a survivor from what we will come to know is called Old Europe. And Old Europe is the pre-Indo-European layer in our culture. And the one daily or weekly remnant, semaine, semaine, semaine, semaine in French is a week. The weekly reminder of this in our daily work is Friday, Fries Dias.

And this is a remnant of this pre-Indo-European layer. We'll come back to this. And so one of the main... mythological founders of the Germanic people, one of the three sons of Manus, who is the son of Twisto, or twin, and again this is important, we'll come back to it, is called Ing, and Ing corresponds to Ingvi,

who's Freyr, And so we have this remnant of the pre-Indo-European substratum in our culture. So before the Yamnaya migrations, there was almost a unified culture across Europe as well. And we can see how this culture was developed. destroyed in the archaeological record but it's also imminent as I say even in the

days of the week and this is what I mean by looking for the ancient and the everyday in finding Manuland the hermiones take their name from erwin ermen sorry mn of course the national god of the saxons according to vitukind and here i'm just reading what tacitus wrote in 50 a.d and

ermine corresponds to odin and you might remember from the first episode we talked about rodin as being analogous to this x energy this x factor to mana to um to synchronicity odin woden odin and woden are the same it's the same deity we have

woden as days which is woden us woden odin and odin gave himself to himself as it is said in this ancient Scandinavian poem, the Havamal, by hanging himself, a self-sacrifice on an ash tree in the royal mound in Uppsala, Sweden. And these three royal mounds to this day, they're there in Uppsala, Sweden.

We'll come back to mounds again. Amen. and its importance in finding Manuland, because an important jumping-off point for my journey and the passage was having discovered this existence of the Yamnaya and this ancient burial mound, which property developers destroyed in May 2021 in Dnipro, the eastern Ukrainian city of Dnipro where I lived and worked.

As a diplomat between 2018 and 2022, that destruction of that mound, that burial mound, that Yamnaya burial mound, which itself actually was... buried when the property developers destroyed this burial mound. Underneath it was a stone circle which was from the old Europeans. So you have this wonderful manifestation of what happened across the entirety of

Europe after the Yamnaya began their migrations. around 4000 BCE up until 2500 BCE, where in Dnipro, in this city, you had this old idea of representing the universe in a stone circle where each of the stones probably represented a mnemonic. They were a mnemonic device. So in the past,

migrators migration based nomadic economies had the problem of how do we regenerate our culture and maintain our memory our cultural memory so they used mountains and the different landscape features as mnemonic devices we know this from Aboriginal cultures, from Stonehenge and other places.

And so your entire culture's genealogy would be stored using mnemonic devices that were in the landscape. And so you would remember your genealogy by looking at the mountain and seeing different aspects of the mountain would correspond to the your manus, your twisto, and all the way down all your monarchs to today.

Another particular landscape feature would correspond to all of the seasons, the way the seasons would progress and the different animals you would see at different times. Other landscape features would be used as mnemonics for your history of your tribe. So when you see In Scandinavian rock art, for instance, these are mnemonic devices to remember the past by.

And in Dnipro, this mound, when these property developers destroyed this mound, supposedly to research it. Underneath it was found the stone circle, and that stone circle we know is from old Europe. And after the migrations stopped, after you become sedentary, you don't see different landscape features as you would during your migration. And sing songs about them.

But you have these stone circles where people are buried and where your cultural memory is preserved. And that is at the beginning of Finding Man Who Land on my own. journey and the third son of Manus was Istavones which ist who's unknown really elsewhere but that's where my name Stephen probably comes from and so remember what

Tacitus says of the Germans they celebrate in ancient songs which the only means of remembrance or recording the past and Now, we wouldn't know about this had Tacitus the Roman not written this down in the Italic language. But we take him as the authority for the Germanic people's history and for Manus being their first human.

And as the son of Twixta, the son of Twin, who himself has three sons, And those three sons found the ten Germanic tribes. And these words by Tacitus then were surfaced in the late 18th century. mainly after Herder, who wrote a plea to the 10 Germanic peoples to unite behind a common mythology and

a common understanding of their past. And 90 years later, you have the first German state, which was born of the work of that Herder launched with his call to collect folklore and collect together the history of the Germanic peoples. And of course, Wagner, the composer, was very helpful to the Germanic people by popularizing and putting into operas,

which were available to the aristocracy in the middle classes. these stories from the mythological past. And this is the power of finding Manuland and the stories which we'll tell, which is that not only are our own identities made up of these different national origins and these stories we're only vaguely aware about,

which I'm going to tell you about, But as we have seen in all most modern nation states, our identity as cultures, as members, for instance, of the European Union, where we are united in our diversity and I can be Irish but also a citizen of the

European Union very loyal to the European Union as well as to Ireland and I can be a citizen of my own village or my own town as well and we have this sense of identity arising from our family membership what I am consciously trying to do and alter our mental model so that we have an

idea of our collective identity as citizens of Manuland. And when we meet somebody from Mumbai or from London or from Berlin or from Tajikistan or from Armenia, from Greece, We understand, even though I don't really understand what you're saying in your native language anymore, but I now know we speak the same language.

We come from the same family. We understand this MN sound. It's part of our energy. We're communicating positive energy now. And so my message of unity is, for Indo-European peoples. And God knows, deity knows, Twisto knows, Odin knows, Skyfather knows, Jupiter knows how much we have fought over supposed differences. Let's focus on our similarities.

So we have Manus there in Germania, surfaced by Tacitus, remembered there. And then we have Manu In the Agiveda, the Rigveda, which is first another book of songs written down 1100 BCE. And in this sense of song, I'm singing a song. And the Agiveda is broken down into songs which are called Brahmanas. Again, Amen. So the Brahman.

who are the top caste, the equivalent, the priestly caste, equivalent to the magical aspect of sovereignty. So sovereignty in Indo-European culture has two aspects, juridical and magical. And please bear with me if you think, oh, he's repeating himself again. If I keep on repeating something, it's only because it's very important.

And I remember how hard it took me to learn it. And it's a signpost, which I'm trying to plant in the Finding Manuland section, which we've now established in your mind and in your memory. So if I repeat it, I'm just trying to drive home this idea

So the Argi Veda is a book of songs first written down around 1100 BCE, but the songs themselves emanate from much, much more ancient times. And so when we see similarities in the songs in the Argi Veda and in how Tacitus is representing the songs of the Germanic people, and how the Irish mythological texts,

which aren't written down until between 700 in the Common Era, 700 years after Christ's birth, and until around 1200, the Common Era, and yet Irish mythological literature is the oldest vernacular literature in Europe. So apart from Greek and Latin, even though it's relatively late,

and many of us have at least some signposts in our mental model of this time, we think the Middle Ages, and so it feels rather late. But when we see similarities in the songs and the structure and in the imminence and in the names, the monikers, the nomenclature, Manannan in Irish mythology,

who is a remnant of our preeminent Christian, pre-Christian deity, Manannan. We see these similarities between there and in the songs of the Germanic people and in the Argüveda. and in the libraries of the Hittites from 1400 BC, then we have a data set from which to par forward, or par, who knows what the preposition is,

to parse in order to determine is this borrowing is it coincidence or is it from the common source and just as finding manu land gives you an aperçu as the french would say it gives you a momentary glance at places and times and cultures and characters which you're only dimly aware of before you discovered Finding Manuland.

These elements in these songs give us in a pursuit of cultures and times and of our common Indo-European heritage which we are only dimly aware of as well. So the Aggie Veda is where Manu is first mentioned. And Manu is from the, he is the son, he is the first human.

He is the son of, he is the son of the sun, literally. Surya, and his mother has an MN sound in her name, which is amazing as well, which very interests me. Smajna is her name. And she is son of Twisco. which is interesting as well. So we've got Twisto in the German and Twisco.

And she and the son have three sons, a lot of sons, but different sons. You understand that, of course. And there's whole lots of stories about how she got really hot from being burnt by the sun. And also it's a malarkey, which we're not going to go into today.

And Manu, she has three children, Manu, Yama, and Yima. But actually, many scholars think that Yima is a later, she's female. But Manu and Yama are the most important. So in Germanic, we have manus who is the son of twisto who which means twin so manu is the son of twin in

the indian version in the argi veda we've got manu whose brother is yama and manu is the first human sacrificer from whose sacrifice emanates all all of indian culture so it's manu makes a deal with sky father with indra with varuna with the supreme deity that if they sacrifice

then sovereignty, security, and prosperity, fertility for the community will result. So Manu is the first sacrificer. And then Yama, his brother, his twin, Yama twin. So in German, you have this slightly different iteration of it, which you would expect in different cultures. But the structure, not only is the nomenclature the same,

We even have Ymir in Germanic culture. So we even have the sound Yima. Sorry, Yima is in Iranian. We have Yama and Ymir. But most importantly, we've got Manu and Manus, who not only sound the same, they've got the MN, but they fulfill the same function. the society, the community, the communality, the municipality,

the country emanates from Manu in Indian lore and from Manus in German lore. And so we have this coincidence or borrowing or from a common source which is the which is the mn is obviously in common as well and all of us can make a decision about this but i've

told you before about this principle that if you've got one instance of a similar trope or function or moniker in one Indo-European language west of Ukraine, and you've got another east of Ukraine, that it's more likely than not, on the balance of probability, this is an emanation from the common source. It's not coincidence. It's not borrowing.

We know, for instance, that Germany, German culture did not have very much or any contact with Indian culture and vice versa. And then you think about it, well, India, how much contact would you need to have for the actual origin story of your culture to be so similar?

So it's not just a question of one German visiting India. hearing the story of Manu and Yama and then returning to Germany and telling their mates. Or perhaps they're a poet. Perhaps they are the court poet. So they convince one monarch that let's just adopt this story.

But the chances of one person being able to seed this when we think about it are very low it's really hard i mean it's hard enough for me to convince my cat to come into the house or a friend to believe all i'm telling you and finding manu

land imagine me trying to convince you that our mythological oh wait this is exactly what i'm trying to do however You do have the tool of Google. So anything you doubt I say, Google it. You'll find it. You'll find the truth. Or you'll at least see what I'm talking about.

And maybe the site you'll come across, which may not be authoritative, will contradict what I'm saying. But you'll see I'm not making this up. Hopefully you understand the point that it's not that easy. You don't just have one contact between cultures or a few. But in fact, we have very little evidence of any contact between Germanic culture,

say, and Indic culture, direct contact. contact. And by contrast, we have heaps of archaeological, cultural, so through the stories, through the mythologies, like the I'm telling you about now, the structural similarities inside the Argi Veda and the stories like from Tacitus. And now we have genomic evidence that demonstrates that We have what we call the steppe ancestry,

what I call ancient Ukrainians, went to India, arrived in India and disseminated their genome inside the Brahmin caste. So we have this amazing story. which is one of the characters throughout Finding Land. And there's two origin journal papers which established beyond all reasonable doubt that steppe ancestry is part of the genomic makeup, not only of us today,

if we are from solid Indo-European stock, as well as speaking an Indo-European language, But that in 2019, Science, the journal Science, published a paper which demonstrated that 10% of Brahmin DNA in India by 1000 BCE, so exactly around the time the Ayurveda is written, contain the steppe ancestry, the marker of steppe ancestry.

And that was before we knew that the steppe ancestry meant the Yamnaya, who mean this community of people whose teeth were formed by eating, from eating food that was grown between the Don River and the Dnieper River. So by looking at the ancient bodies of humans, all between ancient Ukraine and India,

particularly the Swat Valley in today's Pakistan, scholars published evidence and their conclusions in 2019 in the Science Journal that 10% of their DNA by the time they reached India, was from this Yamnaya, this step stock. And the second important character in Finding Manuland will be this, we'll reference it again and again,

this 2015 paper in the journal Nature, which is science's preeminent scientific journal. And that established that this step, this marker, in the genome which they call the steppe ancestry but which i call ancient ukrainian because since then we've determined not only on linguistic grounds well we knew that actually before 2015 linguistic grounds on the balance of

probabilities ancient ukraine was the source of all indo-european languages But now we know that most modern Europeans west of Ukraine have this steppe gene if their forebears are traditionally from Western Europe. So the steppe ancestry, so we all speak what we now know as a matter of scientific fact in Indo-European language.

And we, from after 2015, we knew that that mainly along the male line, as a generality, have this marker of the step gene, which arrives after around 2400 bce and in increasing amounts although and there's many curiosities we don't understand everything about it but we'll talk about a lot of finding manual and

because this is one of the main evidence vectors that if you believe in science and if you believe if you when you get on an airplane and you trust that it's not going to fall out of the sky then if you apply that same level of thinking to the latest advances in the

isotopic analysis of the teeth of the Yamnaya, which demonstrate that those teeth were formed at a time, the humans who created those teeth, who are called Yamnaya, were eating food that was grown alive. on the soil, in the soil, on the land. It has the same signature between the Don River and the Dnieper River,

which are part of the historic and current lands of ancient and current Ukraine. And ancient DNA analysis, which is a new technology and a new way of looking at ancient humans' DNA and determining their makeup then these evidence trajectories which we now know that at the same time

India became Indo-Europeanized so India to this day there's a place I've been I've been there where Andhra Pradesh which is down below Bengaluru old Bangalore, the tech capital of India, where the Dravidians, the Indo-Europeans didn't really get until relatively recently. But above that line, the Brahmins led this colonization of the minds and the culture through the Ayurveda.

from these migrations, which again, we'll go into much more detail because they're very interesting and very important because we see India culture is preserved on the periphery. So we look at Indian culture and we look at Irish culture, the periphery of the Indo-European space, the periphery of Manuland.

And there's this wonderful place where I've spent quite a bit of time in, in India, I didn't know all I now know about Thaliumanland when I was there last, called Spiti Valley. And it's up in the Himalayas on the border with Tibet. And that valley, Spiti Valley, is the border, and Spiti actually means borderland,

the border between Indo-European India and and non-Indo-European Tibet. And to this day, China, which occupies Tibet in the legal sense of the term, China and India, there's a contested zone around there. And in fact, some of the people in Spiti Valley are ethnically or racially Indo-European, but they're wholly culturally Tibetan, which is very interesting.

Their names will be Tibetan names. They speak Tibetan. They've got all the markers of being Tibetan, but they look... Indo-European from a different, and it's just this wonderful place which embodies this division between these ancient conquests of culture by the Indo-Europeans. That's as far as they got in those days. And so we have Manu and Manus.

And so I think we're just going to make a call on this. We're just going to say Manu and Manus come from a common source. And we're going to leave it at that. But the cliffhanger I'm going to leave you on today is I keep on mentioning the Yamnaya. So M-N, Yamnaya, because they're really important.

And I want to lodge the Yamnaya here. into your mind. And I'll tell you the story of the moment I discovered the Yamnaya and how integral they are into this journey of finding Manuland, the serendipitous aspect. I will talk about that maybe in the next episode.

But the cliffhanger I want to leave you on is the Yamnaya were named the Yamnaya because of the particular burial practice, which is again, like hugely important to finding Manuland and to a lot of things I've recently discovered about the Hittites in Anatolia and their burial practices and the cultural artifacts and evidence in Homer's Iliad of burial

practices and Odysseus's descent into a pit around the Kerch Strait in current and ancient Ukraine just at the bottom of Crimea that's where Odysseus enters the underworld and the pit grave and Manu's brother Yama became lord of death so he's the first sacrificed human so again a bit

like Jesus same structure in the tale just like Odin same structure in the tale Odin's self-sacrifice on the royal mound by the Royal Mound in Uppsala, Sweden. He gave himself to himself and hung for eight days and nights from the ash tree. And from that self-sacrifice emanates Germanic or Scandinavian

culture and we have in Indian lore the same structure of a tale we have Yama who is Manu's brother Manu the first human and Yama his twin Yama means Yemos is the Indo-European root for twin his twin brother who is the first human monarch the first monarch to die and

after whom all follow the path to Yama, to death. So you have the first sacrificer and the first sacrificed. And it's important to know that Yama sacrificed himself and that we have this same structure in the tale. And then we have the Yamnaya, who are named like that in the late 19th century by an archaeologist who chooses

from the Ukrainian and Russian term for pit is Yamna. And so because the Yamnaya, before we had ancient DNA analysis, because the ancient DNA Yamnaya buried themselves in a particular way in pit graves underneath mounds with their legs flexed in certain ways, often covered in ochre. And there's about 23 characteristics of the mode of Yamnaya burial.

So today we can use ancient DNA analysis to determine whether they fit this culture. But we used to, and still do, divide archaeological cultures according to their modes of burial and human cultures according to their modes of burial so the Yamnaya were buried in these

very distinctive pits as were found in Dnipro on this mound which was destroyed by the property developers that led to my finding manuland journey in there we have the photographs of the first person who was buried there was definitely yamnaya they were buried in this way the for it

was would have been the local monarch buried with the flex legs faced in a certain way so we have this archaeologist who prior to knowing that the Yamnaya also are associated with the spread of Indo-European languages and these modes of burial from, well, there aren't that many in Ireland.

In fact, I think there's hardly any, but there are in the island of Britain and in Swat Valley in India. So in that geographical space, the whole of Manuland. we have Yamnaya burials and Yamnaya community members. And yet in the 1890s, this man chose Yamna. And now when you, if you Google Yamnaya and you look at

any of the major scientific journals and these papers which I talk about all the time, the 2019 paper in science, the 2015 paper in nature, and I'll put on the Substack page for this podcast some of the things which I've mentioned, some of the sources of the things I've mentioned to help you along if you want to

look at them. And they arrive at this word Yamnaya to describe these people. And there's me looking at the power of manna. So what is this? Is this borrowing? Is it coincidence? Is it from a common source? And I'll leave you with this cliffhanger because it's pretty important in the power of manna. Have a great week.